Do older hospital patients recognize adverse drug reactions?

OBJECTIVE To establish the relationship between subjective complaints of side effects of drugs and the objective presence of adverse drug reactions in older patients. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING Five medical wards at the University Hospital Rotterdam Dijkzigt. SUBJECTS Patients aged 70 and over admitted to the general medical wards over a 3-month period. METHODS Statistical comparison and Kramer's algorithm. RESULTS Of 106 patients, 102 used medication, and 93 of these were able to report whether they believed they were experiencing drug side effects. Thirty-six [39% (95% confidence interval 28.8-48.6)] believed that they were experiencing side effects and the number of diagnoses per patient and the proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in these 36 'complainers' than in the group of the 'non-complainers'. We found a correct opinion (true positive and negative) about the objective presence or absence of mild or severe adverse drug reactions in 79% (95% confidence interval 70.2-86.8). Asking the patient about side effects of drugs had a sensitivity of 0.70 and a specificity of 0.85 patients. The severe adverse drug reactions in 21 patients were not recognized by 14 of them. CONCLUSION At hospital admission, older patients should be asked about drug side effects because they are often correct in recognizing them. However, severe adverse drug reactions are not easily recognized.